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# nick        = twitter-VitalikButerin
# url         = https://feeds.twtxt.net/twitter-VitalikButerin/twtxt.txt
# source      = twitter://VitalikButerin
# avatar      = https://feeds.twtxt.net/twitter-VitalikButerin/avatar.png#in5icukuphv6stfushcejvm6xtap7ryrwdvwdtgyndm3nomomquq
# description = 
# updated_at  = 2022-01-20T18:03:51Z
#
2020-06-18T22:22:18Z	**Things I'm excited about (incomplete list)**
Things I'm excited about (incomplete list)

\\* Cryptography+blockchains esp [@ethereum](https://twitter.com/ethereum) family

\\* Life extension [@SENSResearchFou](https://twitter.com/SENSResearchFou)

\\* New governance/"social tech" [@RadxChange](https://twitter.com/RadxChange)

\\* Better online education of all types

\\* Building cities [@CCIdotCity](https://twitter.com/CCIdotCity)

\\* Ongoing global poverty reduction

\\* Spac ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1273742863688499203)
2021-09-29T09:06:44Z	**A new account abstraction proposal**
A new account abstraction proposal! This time without requiring any ethereum consensus-layer protocol changes.

Work by [@kristofgazso](https://twitter.com/kristofgazso), [@yoavw](https://twitter.com/yoavw), Dror Tirosh, Namra Patel, [@tkstanczak](https://twitter.com/tkstanczak), myself and others.

[https://t.co/wqFaDIKSmw](https://medium.com/infinitism/erc-4337-account-abstraction-without-ethereum-protocol-changes-d75c9d94dc4a) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1443140175152902147)
2021-09-26T08:11:34Z	**Responding to (and largely agreeing with) Nathan Schneider @ntnsndr's piece on blockchain governance and moving beyond financialization**
Responding to (and largely agreeing with) Nathan Schneider [@ntnsndr's](https://twitter.com/ntnsndr's) piece on blockchain governance and moving beyond financialization:

[https://t.co/t8qtaVddZg](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/09/26/limits.html)

Also a good opportunity to expand on the language of collusion prevention. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1442039126606311427)
2021-09-08T01:24:25Z	**We need to move NFTs onto the layer 2 ecosystem to cut fees**
We need to move NFTs onto the layer 2 ecosystem to cut fees. However, doing that \*right\* requires good cross-rollup portability standards, so the ecosystem can avoid getting locked into one particular L2.

I make a cross-rollup portability proposal here:

[https://t.co/eKRQFSjjUh](https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-nft-wrapper-and-migration-ideas/10507) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1435413681588736007)
2021-09-01T22:31:06Z	**Doing a random twitter experiment just on this day**
Doing a random twitter experiment just on this day. Only the 268 people I follow can reply to this tweet. Feel free to ask things and I'll talk about anything crypto or non-crypto related. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1433195737907564545)
2021-08-22T02:40:46Z	**Some thoughts on mechanism design for sales of limited-supply items (NFTs**
Some thoughts on mechanism design for sales of limited-supply items (NFTs, tokens, but also not-inherently-blockchainy items), and how to do better than the current sales that sell out quickly and create big annoying splats on the gas market.

[https://t.co/zTIiv5EQYn](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/22/prices.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1429272304530313218)
2021-08-21T04:36:37Z	**A proposed alternative to CBC-ification for long-term hardening+simplification of the consensus mechanism**
A proposed alternative to CBC-ification for long-term hardening+simplification of the consensus mechanism: moving to committee-based single-slot finality. My proposal and some discussion-here:

[https://t.co/LFXjtX1QUY](https://ethresear.ch/t/a-model-for-cumulative-committee-based-finality/10259) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1428939068897849345)
2021-08-16T06:17:43Z	**Decentralized governance is necessary**
Decentralized governance is necessary, but coin voting governance in its current form has many acknowledged and unacknowledged dangers. Augmenting or moving beyond coin voting is a key part of the solution:

[https://t.co/pZQ4sLAbEy](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1427152573002248196)
2021-11-01T05:26:24Z	**Crypto cities**
Crypto cities!

[https://t.co/mUdpYJSDq0](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/10/31/cities.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1455043525809213443)
2021-11-01T05:26:24Z	**Crypto cities**
Crypto cities!

[https://t.co/mUdpYJSDq0](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/10/31/cities.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1455043525809213443)
2021-11-05T11:36:54Z	**An introduction to some of the cryptographic techniques used in Halo (going into #Zcash) and other recent protocols**
An introduction to some of the cryptographic techniques used in Halo (going into [#Zcash](https://twitter.com/hashtag/Zcash)) and other recent protocols. No pairings, no trusted setups!

[https://t.co/9po4BIbi2M](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/05/halo.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1456586317010198528)
2021-11-16T16:12:48Z	**Review of Optimism retroactive funding round 1**
Review of Optimism retroactive funding round 1, an exciting new mechanism-design experiment which distributed $1 million among 58 Ethereum ecosystem public-good projects in recognition of their good work for the ecosystem so far.

[https://t.co/ydq45x6m5w](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1460642014840737792)
2021-11-22T20:47:03Z	**A doc on the state of research of censorship resistance under proposer/builder separation (PBS)**
A doc on the state of research of censorship resistance under proposer/builder separation (PBS), and some techniques that could increase it.

[https://t.co/XIwtjv7SYd](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/pbs_censorship_resistance)

Thanks for feedback and contributions [@fradamt](https://twitter.com/fradamt) [@drakefjustin](https://twitter.com/drakefjustin) [@phildaian](https://twitter.com/phildaian)  ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1462885361219252232)
2021-11-25T19:30:34Z	**A roadmap for how data space available to rollups can be greatly expanded (and hence rollup fees greatly reduced) progressively**
A roadmap for how data space available to rollups can be greatly expanded (and hence rollup fees greatly reduced) progressively, starting from calldata gas cost reduction and continuing with step-by-step rollout of sharding:

[https://t.co/TixzvKInSN](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1463953274806038542)
2021-12-02T14:18:12Z	**EVM modular ops**
EVM modular ops: [https://t.co/OTE2OxcH6k](https://notes.ethereum.org/@axic/evm384)

Account abstraction: [https://t.co/JUigSO5gEo](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337)

EIP 3074: [https://t.co/uq13pz4smj](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3074)

Single slot confirmations: [https://t.co/LFXjtXjsjy](https://ethresear.ch/t/a-model-for-cumulative-committee-based-finality/10259)

Address space extension: [https://t.co/Ozwh5mqZqn](https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/thoughts- ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1466411382438604806)
2021-12-02T14:18:12Z	**Some links**
Some links:

PoS specs: [https://t.co/xxlzjwb0jM](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs#phase-0)

Sharding: [https://t.co/TixzvKqN1f](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap)

Verkle trees: [https://t.co/6arYNFlKT3](https://notes.ethereum.org/Yn_mwNa2SeeQHnKsRgekKg)

Expiry: [https://t.co/sAweNGDx8i](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444) (history) + [https://t.co/cGTYAVVMyh](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/state_expiry_eip) (state)

EVM simp ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1466411379875799054)
2021-12-02T14:18:11Z	**Happy birthday beacon chain**
Happy birthday beacon chain!

Here's an updated roadmap diagram for where Ethereum protocol development is at and what's coming in what order.

(I'm sure this is missing a lot, as all diagrams are, but it covers a lot of the important stuff!)

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FFm9X58WQAgwkKI.jpg)](https://t.co/puWP7hwDlx) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1466411377107558402)
2021-12-06T14:32:04Z	**Endgame**
Endgame

[https://t.co/wm9Pvdjxo0](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1467864422144253958)
2021-12-06T16:31:57Z	**OK fine here's an alternate link to the post that doesn't rely on my crappy server**
OK fine here's an alternate link to the post that doesn't rely on my crappy server:

[https://t.co/KbtNv8JphR](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html)

And another mirror:

[https://t.co/sFYYGoDtCm](https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/QmZf7E1McjSFdgamgJf9UxnRwubsFpTWf7tdTTNThBGfa6/general/2021/12/06/endgame.html)

Also added a much-deserved mention to [@StarkWareLtd's](https://twitter.com/Sta ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1467894591328292868)
2021-12-19T14:22:07Z	**The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis**
The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis:

[https://t.co/zKHU4QKjnu](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1472572958447124491)
2022-01-01T22:14:12Z	**I'm more pessimistic about this now especially because of the PoS switch**
I'm more pessimistic about this now especially because of the PoS switch. We will need oracles. And if we want to make stablecoins robust to USD collapse (by switching to their own native CPI if that happens) we'll need more active governance. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402806462164994)
2022-01-01T22:14:12Z	**12**
12\. A more detailed opinion on stablecoins from 2014: [https://t.co/RwRx4HVjEL](https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/11/search-stable-cryptocurrency/)

A big part of this post tried to tackle the question of whether or not you could have a stablecoin without oracles, by using blockchain data (eg. PoW diff) as a pseudo-price-oracle. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402805082152965)
2022-01-01T22:14:11Z	**A lot correct (basically predicted "defi")**
A lot correct (basically predicted "defi"), though incentivized file storage + compute hasn't taken off that much (yet?), and of course I completely missed NFTs.

I would say the biggest thing I missed in the details is collusion issues in DAO governance: [https://t.co/cezOk10KQ0](https://vitalik.ca/general/2019/04/03/collusion.html) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402803433840642)
2022-01-01T22:14:11Z	**11**
11\. Applications envisioned in the Ethereum whitepaper:

[https://t.co/6HCoO2CSW8](https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/)

\\* ERC20-style tokens

\\* Algorithmic stablecoins

\\* Domain name systems (like ENS)

\\* Decentralized file storage and computing

\\* DAOs

\\* Wallets with withdrawal limits

\\* Oracles

\\* Prediction markets ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402801596739586)
2022-01-01T22:14:10Z	**Obviously feel proud of this one😀**
Obviously feel proud of this one😀

Though it's interesting how I got the "do something really simple and dumb even if it's suboptimal" concept so right here, but it took me so long to get there in the proof of stake and sharding designs. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402799822585858)
2022-01-01T22:14:10Z	**10**
10\. These posts from 2016-17 basically advocating for someone to build Uniswap.

[https://t.co/ZC7AO6kVxV](https://vitalik.ca/general/2017/06/22/marketmakers.html)

[https://t.co/HMBJolmI0d](https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/55m04x/lets_run_onchain_decentralized_exchanges_the_way/) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402798165741570)
2022-01-01T22:14:10Z	**Today**
Today, I would call BCH mostly a failure. My main takeaway: communities formed around a rebellion, even if they have a good cause, often have a hard time long term, because they value bravery over competence and are united around resistance rather than a coherent way forward. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402795972177921)
2022-01-01T22:14:09Z	**9**
9\. I was optimistic about Bitcoin Cash specifically, because I agreed with the big-blocker arguments in the scaling war more than the small-blocker arguments.

[https://t.co/PgVHuFGadM](https://twitter.com/vitalikbuterin/status/930276246671450112) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402793585655814)
2022-01-01T22:14:09Z	**Do I still agree**
Do I still agree?

The above args are less strong today, because (i) chains are more universal, (ii) apps more complex so bridging more risky, (iii) experimentation doable at L2.

But even still, I think there are things that you can't do at L2, and there's room for different L1s ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402791924674561)
2022-01-01T22:14:08Z	**8**
8\. I liked altcoins before altcoins were cool. See this from Sep 2013 (so, 2 months before Ethereum):

[https://t.co/JOK00wTGvD](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/defense-alternative-cryptocurrencies)

Three core arguments:

(i) diff chains optimize for diff goals

(ii) costs of having many chains are low

(iii) need outlet in case core dev team is wrong

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FIDBUSuXsAYVCZ1.png)](https://t.co/1vfSPwUqlc) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477402789542301696)
2022-01-01T22:21:37Z	*** On tech**
\\* On tech, I was more often right on abstract ideas than on production software dev issues. Had to learn to understand the latter over time

\\* I have a deeper appreciation now of the need for even more simplicity than I thought we needed ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477404671606153218)
2022-01-01T22:21:36Z	*** I did have good instincts early on for avoiding the craziest parts of bitcoin maximalist thinking**
\\* I did have good instincts early on for avoiding the craziest parts of bitcoin maximalist thinking. A couple early mistakes, but I corrected quickly

\\* But X being wrong does not imply that any specific rebellion against X will go well! Yet another way in which politics is hard ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477404670058500107)
2022-01-01T22:21:36Z	**Conclusions**
Conclusions:

\\* My thinking about politics and large-scale human organization was more naive then. Too focused on simple and complete formal models; I did not appreciate challenges of culture and [https://t.co/vLCznr6Da5](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy.html) then; I do now. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477404668250705921)
2022-01-02T22:36:14Z	**In 2021 I mostly stuck to a self-imposed twitter quarantine**
In 2021 I mostly stuck to a self-imposed twitter quarantine, only using this site to post links to my long-form content.

Q1: in retrospect, do you think this was a good idea?

Q2: what should I do in 2022?

(replies followees-only to ensure quality) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1477770740871139333)
2022-01-04T16:27:57Z	**Paradox of diversity**
Paradox of diversity: if every organization within society must fully reflect the diversity of that society's members, then there can be no diversity \*between\* organizations in that society. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1478402834441908232)
2022-01-04T16:27:47Z	**Paradox of authority**
Paradox of authority: you can't be consistent and believe authority too much, because different authorities frequently have low opinions of each other. So either you end up half-skeptical toward all, or you (intentionally or not) make your own choice of which authority to follow. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1478402793031483398)
2022-01-04T16:27:24Z	**Paradox of freedom**
Paradox of freedom: you can't be consistent and too dogmatic about freedom. Eventually you see how in the real world, many people often give up their freedom for little in return. So you either accept their judgement, or decide you know better than them what's good for them... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1478402693676908552)
2022-01-04T16:43:20Z	**Favorite Abe**
Favorite Abe ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1478406706606526466)
2022-01-05T18:38:21Z	**Multidimensional EIP 1559**
Multidimensional EIP 1559:

[https://t.co/bGFzXIbpZN](https://ethresear.ch/t/multidimensional-eip-1559/11651) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1478798036667150346)
2022-01-07T17:14:10Z	**Note that cross-rollup apps within one zone of sovereignty are still fine**
Note that cross-rollup apps within one zone of sovereignty are still fine. Not also that this also is a limit to the "modular blockchains" vision: you can't just pick and choose a separate data layer and security layer. Your data layer must be your security layer. ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1479501627287556097)
2022-01-07T17:13:08Z	**My argument for why the future will be *multi-chain***
My argument for why the future will be \*multi-chain\*, but it will not be \*cross-chain\*: there are fundamental limits to the security of bridges that hop across multiple "zones of sovereignty". From [https://t.co/3g1GUvuA3A](https://old.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/rwojtk/ama_we_are_the_efs_research_team_pt_7_07_january/hrngyk8/):

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FIg-TacXMAYz29R.png)](https://t.co/tEYz8vb59b) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1479501366192132099)
2022-01-08T14:16:32Z	**See also**
See also:

[https://t.co/Euhy5A5e5k](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1330803702114832387) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1479819312143769601)
2022-01-08T14:10:58Z	**Has anyone noticed how at least among some communities Japanese seems to be slowly replacing Latin as the go-to "cool language" for names and slogans**
Has anyone noticed how at least among some communities Japanese seems to be slowly replacing Latin as the go-to "cool language" for names and slogans?

(random example: Ethereum's recent Kintsugi testnet; I was \*not\* involved in naming that)

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FIldvbbXwAIC3mS.jpg)](https://t.co/QZQC0uuCom) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1479817912106074119)
2022-01-11T19:32:27Z	**The old-but-still-relevant Serenity Design Rationale doc**
The old-but-still-relevant Serenity Design Rationale doc:

[https://t.co/8LWdA41ZKQ](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/serenity_design_rationale)

I updated some important bits today, and of course it will get updated further as new spec details (eg. new sharding [https://t.co/QqtkhUooRK](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2792) ; PBS [https://t.co/XIwtjvptPL](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/pbs_censorship_resistance)  ... ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1480985979489980418)
2022-01-13T21:17:12Z	**What are the craziest and most unhinged criticisms of me you've seen on twitter or elsewhere**
What are the craziest and most unhinged criticisms of me you've seen on twitter or elsewhere? Here are a few good ones, I wonder what else people have seen that I haven't!

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FJAv4PnVEAA-hfh.png)](https://t.co/2qvwgNkHyM) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1481737116514017282)
2022-01-13T21:20:36Z	**Poll for Ethereum community**
Poll for Ethereum community. You wake up in 2035, and 80% of all transactions + savings in the world are in one currency that is not ETH. Which would you prefer it to be? ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1481737970562789376)
2022-01-13T21:22:33Z	**Poll for Ethereum community**
Poll for Ethereum community. You wake up in 2035, and 80% of all transactions + savings in the world are in one currency that is not ETH. Which would you prefer it to be? ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1481738461417672704)
2022-01-13T21:25:34Z	**My favorite thing about arguments against vaccine passports is that they usually work even better verbatim as arguments against regular passports**
My favorite thing about arguments against vaccine passports is that they usually work even better verbatim as arguments against regular passports. Seriously, look at these maps. This is unfair apartheid and we should be resisting it more.

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FJAx0m5VgAAjh32.png)](https://t.co/EAvwtonbyG) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1481739222662856705)
2022-01-17T16:16:31Z	**Excellent paper by some researchers at Peking University and Duke University on the consequences of EIP 1559**
Excellent paper by some researchers at Peking University and Duke University on the consequences of EIP 1559. Particularly appreciate the confirmation that EIP 1559 has greatly decreased average waiting times for transactions.

[https://t.co/2rvzx93Yar](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.05574.pdf)

[![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FJUQ-w0VEAIHs6E.png)](https://t.co/nPtnAJNle9) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1483110996931534850)
2022-01-20T17:57:46Z	**I'm speaking in 3 min**
I'm speaking in 3 min!

[https://t.co/DynHSWNdPE](https://twitch.tv/uponlytv) ⌘ [Read more](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1484223643584393218)